Reconsidering Constitutional Protection for Health Information Privacy

Wendy K. Mariner ∗ TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 976 I. FRAMING THE QUESTIONS......................................................... 979 II. USES OF HEALTH INFORMATION ........................................... 986 A. Clinical Medical Care, Payment for Services, and Health Care Operations ........................................................... 987 B. State Databases .............................................................. 988 C. Public Health Surveillance .............................................. 991 D. Research ....................................................................... 993 III. THE FOURTH AMENDMENT AND THE THIRD-PARTY DOCTRINE ............................................................................. 995 A. The Third-Party Doctrine and Continuous Reporting ........... 998 B. Third-Party Doctrine Rationales ..................................... 1005 IV. ADMINISTRATIVE SEARCHES .................................................. 1015 V. SPECIAL NEEDS ....................................................................... 1022 VI. THE FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS ...................... 1031 VII. TOWARD A MORE NUANCED VIEW OF REPORTING LAWS .... 1038 CONCLUSION ............................................................................... 1052